Classification of living organisum
Classification
Father of classification Carl Linnaeus
Hierarchy of classification
1). Kingdom
2). Phylum
3). Class
4).Order
5). Family
6). Genus
7). Species
* Classification of Organisms
जन्तु जगत का वगीकरण
•Biologists, such
•Ernst Haeckel (1894)
•Robert Whittaker (1959)
•Carl Woese (1977)
3 Domain Classification
Carl Woese (1977)
Whittaker(व्हहटेकर) proposed
five kingdom classification :
1.Monera(मोनेरा)
2.Protista(प्रॉटटस्टा)
3.Fungi(कवक)
4. Plantae(पौधे)
5.Animalia(जीव)
•These groups are formed on the basis of their cell
structure, mode and source of nutrition and body
organization.
• The modification introduced by dividing the Monera into
(or Archaea) and Eubacteria (or Bacteria) is also in use.
“Thus, by separating organisms on the basis of a hierarchy
of characteristics into smaller and smaller groups, we
arrive at the basic unit of classification, which is a
'species‘”
."
1.Monera(मोनेरा) :
•These organisms do not have a defined nucleus or
organelles, nor do any of them show multi-cellular body
designs.
•On the other hand, they show diversity based on many
other characteristics. Some of them have cell walls while
some do not have.
•The mode of nutrition of organisms in this group can be
either by synthesizing their own food (autotrophic) or -
getting it from the environment - (heterotrophic). This
group includes bacteria, Blue-green algae or
cyanobacteria, and mycoplasma.
2.Protista (प्रॉटिस्िा):
•This group includes many kinds of unicellular
eukaryotic organisms.
•Some of these organisms use appendages, such as
hair-like cilia or whip-like flagella for moving
around.
•Their mode of nutrition can be autotrophic or
heterotrophic.
•Examples are unicellular algae, diatoms and
protozoans.
3.Fungi(कवक):
•These are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms.
• They use decaying organic material as food
and are therefore called saprophytes.
•Many of them have the capacity to multicellular
organisms at certain stages in their lives.
•They have cell-walls made of a though
complex sugar called chitin.
•Examples are- yeast and mushrooms
•Some fungal species live in permanent
mutually dependent relationships with blue
green algae (or cyanobacteria).
•Such relationships are called symbiotic.
•These symbiotic life forms are called lichens.
•We have all seen lichens as the slow-growing
large coloured patches on the bark of trees.
